This article is seeks to analyze some reasons behind the governments and international organizations’ setback in order to halter the increase of terrorism. Although there have been consensus of opinions regarding the threats arising from terrorism, why is it then that the international cooperation has been inefficient for campaigning against this phenomenon. This text is according to the international relations’ theories in response to the mentioned question and it has taken all opportunities and limitations of each theoretical approach of realism, liberalism and constructivism into consideration by explanatory and analytical methods. The prevalence of realism and the arising thoughts of it, have gained more attention due to the reason that the accepted realistic traditions of government have had conflicts with some of the consequences of existing mechanisms of international relations for campaigning with terrorism. From the findings of this article, it can be elicited that the different perceptions of governments from the phenomenon of terrorism, and the discrepancy of opinions in defining terrorist operations have led to the conflict in recognition of meaning which is a big obstacle in international cooperation. Thus, the existing distance in governments’ priorities which are according to the national interests of each nation, has deeply influenced the process of international cooperation. In addition, the effort of big powers for exploiting the opportunities of international cooperation in respect to advancement of their own interests and targets is the main reason of failure in cooperation and campaigns of international organizations against terrorism.

The issue of justice is one of the wide-ranging and challenging issues that, despite the complex texts about justice in Western sources, the Islamic approach to it is weak. Studies show that despite the importance of justice in political and social jurisprudence, theoretical dimensions that lead to systematization or trend-setting structures have not been raised and strengthened in this approach. Except for some of the books and articles that have been published in the last two decades and presented good comparative studies that can inspire new researches, most of these studies are still involved in issues such as knowing or not knowing the rules of justice, justice as a criterion for Friday and congregational imamate., the difference between the sharia and customary meaning of justice, criticism of women's rights and duties with the measure of justice and the like. Therefore, a research that proposes to strengthen those theoretical dimensions of justice that leads to pragmatism and structuring about it is necessary. Therefore, this article aims to strengthen this dimension and to present the necessities that are necessary in organizing a pragmatic theory of justice, and because in the last century, one of the challenges of justice, especially its Islamic approach, rights and benefits Social is for women, the field of investigation and comparisons has been placed on the issue of justice for women. Weighing each ruling with justice means to consider justice as the criterion of all of them or the legislative goal of all of them. Although such a statement is not approved, it is necessary to fill the empty space of mandatory rules with fair laws and legislate fair laws in the administration of the country and governance. As some authors believe, if the rulings in the laws of the Islamic Republic are in accordance with the explicit text of the Qur'an and frequent hadiths, they are the same revelation and cannot be criticized by the standard of justice, but in the case of other laws, if the revelation is silent, they are evaluated by the standard of justice. As a result, if justice is a criterion in some of the laws of the country, among the most important topics in this regard is the processing of the theory of justice, which includes clear theoretical and Practical aspects as a strategy for managing society. Although these dimensions have been the focus of domestic researchers in the studies of the last two decades, they need to be explored more and focused on micro-issues. In the path of transition from the praise of justice in its religious studies to Practical theoretical processing, one should know what is the most important theoretical and Practical challenge of justice in this field. This is the main question in this article. To answer this question, the author's effort is to present one theoretical consideration and two Practical considerations in the theorizing of justice centered on women. The theoretical consideration deals with the challenge of the inequality criterion, and the Practical consideration deals with the two issues of perception measurement and indexing for justice, and in all cases, it focuses on the issue of women. After collecting the necessary data, the method of the article is content analysis and a documentary and fundamental article.

Purpose: Effective library services for children require a wide range of professional librarian skills. Therefore, it is important to identify the competencies of child librarians. In this study, a comparison has been designed and validated to assess the competencies and Requirements of child librarians in public libraries. According to Tetens theory, the personality and character of every human being is composed of five areas, the first three areas are called internal areas and the last two areas are called external areas. The three inner realms include the realm of ideas and beliefs, the realm of feelings, and emotions, and the realm of wills and desires, and the three outer realms are the realm of speech and the realm of action. Method: The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. In this research, structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis have been used. To determine the content validity of the designed questionnaire, experts and librarians of public libraries were used. The sampling method in this section was purposeful sampling. The research community in the validation section of the research tools was librarians of public libraries in Khuzestan province. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the research tools among the target population. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the research of Akbari, Shaghaghi, and Asnafi (1400) was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistical indicators including structural equation modelling.Findings: The findings showed that the competencies of a secretary have three factors: beliefs, feelings, emotions, desires, and wills and 44 items; And action Requirements have 2 factors of speech and behaviour and 34 items. The results of fitting the secretary competencies model of child librarians showed that the factor load of 44 paths is greater than 0.5 and also the calculated significant numbers are greater than 1.96 which indicates the confirmation of all paths. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of child librarians' action Requirements model show that the calculated factor loads for all paths are greater than 0.5 and also the calculated significant numbers are greater than 1.96 which indicates the confirmation of all paths. Confirmatory factor analysis of the instrument showed that the instrument has a good fit and the combined reliability of all factors was higher than 0.90, which indicates the optimal reliability of the instrument. Also, the correlation of the scores of the components of the questionnaires is positive and significant, which indicates the convergent validity of the questionnaire.Conclusion: In this scale, the competencies of a child librarian's secretary were constructed and validated with three dimensions of beliefs, feelings, emotions, desires and wills, and a scale of behavioral competencies of child librarians with two dimensions of speech and behavior. Secretary competencies refer to what is in the child librarian's mind about the child and services to children, and secretary competencies focus more on operational skills. This scale provides a benchmark for recruiting a child librarian. It will also be an indicator for strengthening and enhancing the secretarial and action skills of child librarians through educational programs.

Practical Theology is an emerging discipline that seeks to actualize and enhance the effectiveness of theoretical theology's outcomes. Given the ambiguities surrounding its necessity and Requirements, research in this field is of great importance. With the shift in the intellectual and cultural inclinations of the new generation, their epistemological questions and demands have taken on an objectivist and Practical orientation, inevitably calling for corresponding answers—ones that are Practical and effective. Otherwise, it may lead to intellectual and cultural challenges in the future. Therefore, research on "The Necessity and Requirements of Practical Theology Aimed at Resolving the Challenging Issues of the New Generation" is essential to inform cultural and intellectual decision-makers and address potential challenges. This raises the question: What are the necessities and Requirements of Practical Theology in addressing the challenging issues of the new generation? The hypothesis posits that the need to address doctrinal issues through explanatory methods for effectiveness indicates its necessity, which, for implementation, requires specific conditions. This study employs an analytical approach to examine the epistemological needs of the new generation concerning "The Necessity and Requirements of Practical Theology Aimed at Resolving the Challenging Issues of the New Generation. " The findings reveal that the shift in the new generation's epistemological inclinations, providing objective answers to their questions, strengthening faithful living, offering Practical explanations of religion's functions, and similar factors demonstrate its necessity. Meanwhile, issue identification, idea formulation, appropriate argumentation methods, and the like are among its essential Requirements.

Objectives: The present research aims at proposing an efficient model for teaching “ Practical mysticism in Islam” as the most effective general university units. There is an important problem that how this unit is taught! Due to the importance of method of teaching this unit, employing inefficient methods is resulted in converse consequences. Thus as for the currency of new spiritualities, discussion about Requirements and favorable methods of teaching this unit is important. Method: In this study, we used statistical method and descriptive analysis based on systematical study in some terms of scholastics. Results: (1) Based on the charts with 4 criterions, considerable development of false spiritualities is seen. (2) There are some images that Islamic spirituality is difficult & unreachable. (3) Presenting solution increases positive attitude to Islamic spirituality and has noticeable influence on its efficiency. Conclusion: In this article, we discus solution of favorable teaching & our proposal model can be used in writing new educational books. This model is based on comparison. Comparative model explains the teachings of the mystical schools and analysis their strategies and techniques that appears in right and wrong positions.

Four important ways of religious education in the field of beliefs are inferred in this article through the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including the root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. Then, we have benefited from the inference method to find the ways of religious education in the Holy Quran. In the inferential method, we have reached the “conclusion”, which is the method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. The solutions of the Holy Quran to achieve the methods of religious education are explained in the following. For example, using the Scriptures directly to know the right actions is one of the solutions of the Holy Quran to reach the way of believing in the punishment of deeds. The achievement of religious education methods through discovering the nature of religion and explaining the purpose of education on the one hand and using the inferential method as a research method on the other hand is one of the innovations of this research. The achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational theoretical model for formal and public education system.

Regulatory regulation is now a tool in the hands of public institutions to achieve their goals and competencies. Local councils also among these institutions within the scope of their competence in local affairs. But just as any regulator is required to adhere to some principles in enacting regulations to achieve efficiency, transparency, supervisability and promotion of accountability; local councils, considering their nature and scope of action, are required to observe some criteria in which ameliorate the regulation by these institutions and judicial review of their regulations. Therefore, the problems of the decentralized system are also avoided as much as possible and the goals of such a system are realized. The present article seeks to examine the specific Requirements for the regulation of local councils by a descriptive-analytical approach. In this regard, the present article, by exploring the Constitution and the views of the Constitutional legislator and other laws and regulations and legal doctrine, has presented principles that can significantly meet the goals of good local regulation.